Background and Objectives: CRISIS is an event which occurs all of a sudden, and is a serious threat for to infrastructures and/or basic values and norms of a system which requires rapid reaction. Taking consideration the role of COMMUNICATION and information providing during CRISIS, the present research aims at finding ways to access ways of COMMUNICATION during crises.Method: The present study, reviews the results of COMMUNICATION during crises through searching in valid electronic databases such as SID and Magiran, and through using keywords review articles and works of CRISIS experts, and some of them selected.Findings: CRISIS management system should focus on providing information to the public and officials during the CRISIS, before and after it, and try to implement projects proportionate with CRISIS conditions.Conclusion: There are two approaches for combating and controlling CRISIS: direct and indirect. In both of the approaches CRISIS managers should keep in touch with all the concerned and affected parties, i.e. the public and CRISIS control managers. While disclosing the nature of rioters, CRISIS managers should ensure them that they will control the conditions and should try to encourage them to cooperate with them. Meanwhile, they should make the rioters convinced to either withdraw or adjust their requests and approaches.

Background and purpose: Oculogyric CRISIS which is a dystonic reaction commonly caused by typical antipsychotics treatment of acute dystonias, rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of clozapine-induced oculogyric CRISIS successfully treated with biperiden. Case: The patient was a 42-year-old woman with a 19-year history of schizophrenia treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, risperidone and lithium augmentation with appropriate doses and duration. Because of poor response to prior medications, she was prescribed clozapine started with 25 mg/d and gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d. She has experienced two episodes of oculogyric CRISIS treated successfully with biperiden. Discussion: Although low affinity of clozapine for blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors and its anticholinergic activity may explain the significantly lower incidence of dystonic reactions, they may happen in some patients and could be suppressed with biperiden. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider dystonic reaction as a possible clozapine adverse effect and on the basis of this report, clozapine-induced oculogyric CRISIS may be treated successfully with biperiden.

The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the CRISIS is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive risk and how to risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of risk perception and COMMUNICATION in this pervasive CRISIS.

The contemporary developments in the field of COMMUNICATION have brought a number of questions in mind. Some of them include; can the existing media mechanism help us to manage a CRISIS? Is hard method of CRISIS management sufficient? Alternatively, COMMUNICATION and soft ones should also be used. Is it possible to establish all-encompassing plan for managing COMMUNICATION crises.In this paper, we will first offer a review of the existing body of literature on methods of managing COMMUNICATION CRISIS in various situations we well then explain that the role of COMMUNICATION has been underestimated. Practically, knowledge and science of COMMUNICATION is so important that it can sometimes prevent a CRISIS before its actual occurrence. The experiences of CRISIS management teams in various parts of the world have revealed that there are a certain common principles for most of CRISIS and so the CRISIS management team can design a general program for themselves by considering these principles.

Studying of sectional crises in developing countries especially Iran (that its turning point is the capital) shows COMMUNICATION in its various forms that has operated as an acceleration factor. Thus, this study wants to offer a model that is CRISIS COMMUNICATION management of Tehran can have effective COMMUNICATION actions for audience at the time of the outbreak of the CRISIS. According to nature of the subject in this study, combined methods (survey and Delphi technique) are used in order to realize the objectives outlined. The field of this study includes COMMUNICATIONs professors, managers in charge of media, and headquarters officials of CRISIS management in Tehran. By using the second Cochran formula the sample size was 217 people. According to the Delphi Technique, viewpoints of 30 teachers expressed in this regard and senior managers of CRISIS management headquarters and managers in charge of media as experts are used in order to build and complete the questionnaires. According to the results of structural equation modeling, all factor loadings of measuring variables on Six-media functions in the pre-CRISIS management (Informing, educating, monitoring and observing the media environment, public solidarity, guided by public opinion and COMMUNICATION) were significant. Also, according to the information, all factor loadings of measuring variables on Six-media requirements in the effective CRISIS management (management requirements, media personnel requirements, structural requirements COMMUNICATION, audience-oriented of COMMUNICATION, contextual studies and accountability) were meaningful.

It is well known that environmental problems, including water CRISIS, nowadays are much important to natural science as to social science. This research is to study the theoretical relationship between COMMUNICATION and water and the potentialities of water COMMUNICATION as an interdisciplinary area to manage water CRISIS in Iran. Herve-Bazin ' water COMMUNICATION model as a suitable pattern for depicting the theoretical approaches explaining water COMMUNICATION issues, considers this discipline as an intersection of environment COMMUNICATION, development COMMUNICATION, risk COMMUNICATION, health COMMUNICATION, science COMMUNICATION, public COMMUNICATION, political COMMUNICATION, law and responsible COMMUNICATION. Explaining the various aspects of water issues in Iran, this paper proposes a promoted model containing different theoretical areas on water COMMUNICATION. At the end, it concludes that Iranian environmental journalists and media activists can change the constructivist approaches to water CRISIS and catch more attention to social and cultural aspects of water CRISIS by focusing on the strategic COMMUNICATIONs in designing messages related to water CRISIS in media outlets.